Vitiligo, Hearing Loss, and Vertigo: A Hidden Triad of Comorbidities

Recent studies show that vitiligo is not only a skin condition but may also affect the auditory and vestibular systems, leading to increased risks of hearing loss and vertigo.

🎨 Vitiligo Beyond the Skin

• Vitiligo results from autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells.

• These cells are found not only in the skin but also in the inner ear and vestibular system, where they play crucial roles in maintaining normal hearing and balance.

  

🎧 Vitiligo and Hearing Loss

• Inner ear melanocytes help regulate ion exchange and cochlear function.

• Their loss in vitiligo can impair auditory processing, leading to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

• Research shows vitiligo patients often have elevated hearing thresholds, especially at low and high frequencies, even without overt symptoms.

• Comparative studies confirm a higher prevalence of mild SNHL among vitiligo patients compared to controls.

🌀 Vitiligo and Vertigo

• Large-scale cohort studies reveal that vitiligo patients have a significantly increased risk of vestibular disorders, including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

• The vestibular system relies on melanocytes for proper function; their dysfunction may disturb balance and spatial orientation.

• Clinically, vitiligo patients may report dizziness, imbalance, or spinning sensations, which can be subtle but impact daily life.

  

🩺 Clinical Implications

• Audiological and vestibular screening should be considered for vitiligo patients, especially those reporting tinnitus, dizziness, or unexplained hearing/balance changes.

• Collaboration between dermatologists, audiologists, and vestibular specialists ensures holistic care.

• Early detection allows timely interventions—such as hearing aids, vestibular rehabilitation, or lifestyle modifications—to improve quality of life.

🌟 Conclusion

Vitiligo is increasingly recognized as a multisystem condition. Its impact on hearing and balance highlights the need for integrated care that goes beyond dermatology. By acknowledging these hidden comorbidities, clinicians can better support patients through comprehensive screening and management strategies.